Crypto Adoption in Iran Under Sanctions: How Citizens Bypass Financial Isolation

Crypto Adoption in Iran Under Sanctions: How Citizens Bypass Financial Isolation
1 December 2025 8 Comments Yolanda Niepagen

Iran Crypto Survival Calculator

When international sanctions cut off Iran's access to global banking, ordinary citizens turned to cryptocurrency as a lifeline. This calculator shows how much basic necessities you could buy with cryptocurrency versus Iranian rial at current rates.

Your Survival Value

Enter your cryptocurrency amount to see how much you could buy with it under Iran's sanctions conditions

When banks shut down and foreign currency vanishes, people find another way. In Iran, that way is cryptocurrency. Since 2017, international sanctions have choked off the country’s access to global banking. SWIFT was cut. Dollar accounts frozen. Import payments blocked. What followed wasn’t a collapse-it was a quiet revolution. Millions of Iranians turned to Bitcoin, Ethereum, and stablecoins not to get rich, but to survive.

Why Crypto Became Iran’s Financial Lifeline

Iran’s economy has been under pressure for decades, but the last seven years changed everything. After the U.S. pulled out of the nuclear deal in 2018, sanctions tightened. Banks couldn’t process international transfers. Importers couldn’t pay for medicine, food, or spare parts. Inflation hit 40%. The rial lost over 80% of its value against the dollar since 2018.

People didn’t wait for permission. They started buying crypto. Not as speculation. Not as a hobby. As currency. A digital alternative to cash that couldn’t be seized, blocked, or devalued by a central bank. Bitcoin became a store of value. USDT and DAI became the new rial-stable, transferable, and global.

By 2024, Iran accounted for nearly 60% of all cryptocurrency activity linked to sanctioned nations. That’s more than Venezuela, North Korea, and Russia combined. It wasn’t because Iranians loved crypto. It was because they had no other choice.

The Government’s Double Game

The Iranian government didn’t ban crypto. It co-opted it.

In 2019, it legalized mining. Why? Because Iran has cheap electricity and a desperate need for hard currency. The state didn’t want citizens mining for profit-it wanted them mining for the Central Bank. Licensed miners were forced to sell all their Bitcoin and Ethereum directly to the government at fixed prices. The CBI then sold those coins abroad to buy essentials like wheat and medicine.

But the rules were brutal. Energy tariffs for miners were raised so high that many couldn’t afford to run their rigs legally. So they went underground. Thousands of unlicensed miners now operate in basements, garages, and warehouses-using stolen power, dodging inspectors, and sending their coins to foreign exchanges through VPNs.

Meanwhile, the government built its own platforms. Nobitex, the largest local exchange, became the official gateway. It’s not just a trading site-it’s a surveillance tool. Since December 2024, the Central Bank required all crypto-to-fiat conversions to go through government-approved APIs. That means every deposit, withdrawal, and trade is monitored. User identities, IP addresses, transaction history-all tracked.

The message was clear: You can use crypto. But we control it.

How Iranians Outsmart the Blockades

Iranians don’t just use crypto-they outmaneuver it.

When Tether froze $200 million in Iranian-linked USDT addresses in July 2025, panic hit. But within days, users had already shifted. They moved their holdings from USDT on Ethereum to DAI on Polygon. Why Polygon? Faster transactions. Lower fees. Less scrutiny. And crucially, DAI is decentralized-it can’t be frozen by a single company like Tether.

VPNs are everywhere. Even though the government blocks access to foreign exchanges, Iranians use them daily. Telegram groups share step-by-step guides: how to set up a non-KYC wallet, how to swap Bitcoin to DAI via Uniswap, how to use a peer-to-peer platform like Paxful without getting flagged.

Some even use cross-chain bridges to move funds between blockchains, fragmenting their trail. A wallet might receive Bitcoin, convert it to USDT on Binance, then swap to DAI on Arbitrum, then send to a wallet on Solana. Each step adds layers. Each layer makes it harder for OFAC to trace.

This isn’t tech-savvy hacking. It’s survival. A mother buying insulin. A shopkeeper paying a supplier in Turkey. A student sending money to a cousin abroad. These aren’t criminals. They’re people using the only tools left to them.

Underground miners operate rigs in a Tehran basement, dodging inspectors under flickering neon lights.

The Rise of the IRGC in Crypto

It’s not just civilians. Iran’s military and intelligence apparatus are deeply involved.

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) now uses crypto as a core financial tool. Treasury Department reports show direct links between IRGC-affiliated wallets and exchanges like Nobitex. Funds flow from Iranian miners to IRGC-controlled addresses, then out to shell companies in China, the UAE, and Hong Kong. These companies buy machinery, electronics, and dual-use tech-things banned under sanctions.

In 2024, OFAC designated 13 crypto addresses tied to Iranian sanctions evasion-the second-highest number in seven years. One wallet, flagged in March 2025, had sent over $12 million to addresses linked to missile component suppliers. Another was tied to a front company in Dubai that imported drone parts.

The IRGC doesn’t just use crypto-it shapes it. They pressure miners to sell to state-run exchanges. They control which foreign platforms Iranians can access. And they’ve quietly built their own crypto infrastructure: private wallets, encrypted messaging systems, and internal trading networks that operate outside public exchanges.

This isn’t evasion anymore. It’s institutionalized.

Iran’s Crypto Tax Law: A Sign of Acceptance

In August 2025, Iran passed its first law taxing cryptocurrency profits. The Law on Taxation of Speculation and Profiteering treats crypto like gold, real estate, and forex. If you make a profit from trading Bitcoin, you pay capital gains tax.

At first glance, this looks like crackdown. But it’s not. It’s recognition.

The government doesn’t want to kill crypto. It wants to control and profit from it. By taxing it, they legitimize it. They bring it into the open. They create a paper trail they can use to track, audit, and extract revenue.

The tax rate? 15% on net gains. Not high. Not punitive. Just enough to make it feel official. And the implementation? Phased. No audits yet. No penalties. No mass crackdowns. That’s because the state knows: if they go too hard, the system collapses. And when it collapses, millions lose their financial lifeline.

Iranians move crypto across blockchains while a shadowy bank figure watches through surveillance screens.

What’s Next? The Cat-and-Mouse Game

The U.S. and its allies aren’t backing down. In late 2025, OFAC sanctioned over 75 individuals and entities tied to Iranian oil and tech smuggling-many using crypto. Tether, Circle, and other stablecoin issuers are now scanning Iranian wallet patterns in real time. Exchanges are forced to block known Iranian IPs.

But Iran adapts faster.

After each freeze, users switch coins. After each ban, they switch networks. After each crackdown, they find new ways to send value. They’re not just using crypto. They’re evolving it.

The data shows it: total crypto flows in Iran dropped 11% in the first seven months of 2025. But that’s not because demand fell. It’s because enforcement got smarter. Every freeze, every ban, every API change forces Iranians to become more creative.

They’re learning to use ZK-Rollups. They’re testing privacy coins like Monero. They’re exploring decentralized identity systems. They’re building tools no one expected.

And while Western regulators focus on blocking wallets, Iranians are building entire financial ecosystems around them.

What This Means for the World

Iran isn’t an outlier. It’s a warning.

If you cut off a country from the global financial system, people will find another way. Crypto isn’t the cause of Iran’s financial isolation-it’s the response. And if sanctions keep tightening, other nations will follow the same path.

Compliance teams can’t just screen names anymore. They have to track wallets. They have to analyze transaction patterns. They have to understand how people move value when banks are gone.

Iran’s crypto ecosystem is messy. It’s illegal in parts. It’s exploited by the regime. But it’s also the only thing keeping millions of ordinary people fed, clothed, and connected.

The world thought sanctions would crush Iran. Instead, they forced it to build a new financial system-one that doesn’t need banks, doesn’t need dollars, and doesn’t need permission.

And that system? It’s working.

8 Comments

  • Image placeholder

    Durgesh Mehta

    December 1, 2025 AT 14:19

    This is wild to see how people adapt when the system fails them
    Iranians didn't ask for permission they just built something that works
    No bank? No problem. Use crypto. Simple as that.
    It's not about politics it's about survival

  • Image placeholder

    Sarah Roberge

    December 2, 2025 AT 14:01

    ok but like... if the goverment is controlling it then is it even crypto anymore??
    like i get the whole decentralization thing but if ur using nobitex and they track ur ip and ur identity then its just a state run digital rial with a blockchain logo on it
    also dai on polygon?? who even knows what that means i just know my uncle lost money on solana last year

  • Image placeholder

    Jess Bothun-Berg

    December 2, 2025 AT 23:07

    So let me get this straight: people are using crypto to buy insulin... and somehow that justifies the IRGC laundering millions through private wallets? No. No no no. This isn't "resilience"-it's organized crime with a side of tech bro jargon. The fact that you're romanticizing this is disgusting. Sanctions exist for a reason. You're not a hero-you're enabling a regime that oppresses its own people.

  • Image placeholder

    Nora Colombie

    December 3, 2025 AT 08:36

    Oh my god, this is literally what happens when you let a bunch of peasants use technology without a license. The U.S. built the internet, not Iran. And now they’re using it to fund missiles? That’s not innovation-that’s theft. If they want to survive, they should stop being terrorists and start being civilized. Also, why is everyone acting like this is some noble rebellion? It’s not. It’s chaos with Wi-Fi.

  • Image placeholder

    Greer Dauphin

    December 3, 2025 AT 15:15

    Man I love how this whole thing is like a real-life game of whack-a-mole
    One freeze? They switch to DAI on Polygon
    Next ban? They go cross-chain with Solana and ZK-Rollups
    They’re not just surviving-they’re upgrading the whole system while the rest of us are still arguing about Dogecoin
    Also side note: if you think this is just about Iran-you’re sleeping. The next country to get cut off? Could be anyone. This is the future of finance, whether you like it or not 😅

  • Image placeholder

    Bhoomika Agarwal

    December 3, 2025 AT 16:39

    Wow so now the whole world is supposed to feel bad because Iran figured out how to not starve while their government steals their crypto? 🤡
    Let me get this straight: mom buys insulin with DAI, IRGC buys drone parts with the same coins-same wallet, same network, same logic
    Don’t call it resilience. Call it hypocrisy with a blockchain tattoo.

  • Image placeholder

    Katherine Alva

    December 5, 2025 AT 07:27

    This is so deeply human… 🫂
    People aren’t trying to outsmart the system-they’re trying to keep their kids alive.
    And yes, the regime is exploiting it… but that doesn’t erase the fact that without crypto, thousands would die.
    Maybe the real question isn’t "Is this legal?"
    It’s "What would you do if your bank froze your account and your medicine vanished?"
    We’re all just one crisis away from needing a digital lifeline.

  • Image placeholder

    Mark Stoehr

    December 5, 2025 AT 14:26

    Iranians are geniuses using crypto to survive
    Also the government is evil
    Also the US is evil
    Also crypto is evil
    Also everyone is evil
    Also I’m tired
    Also why are we still talking about this

Write a comment